Vyu

The Language of Vyuian
For the dictionary see Vyu Dictionary.

Natively known as: Vyu /ʋyˈə/
''...and he stood holding his hat and turned his wet face to the wind...'' få hå bæ hyj ngyve shesh få shim søi læffåsh hyj møffå hoobært Pronunciation: /fɔ hɔ bæ hyj ŋyˈʋɛ ʃɛʃ fɔ ʃɪm søˈɪ læfˈfɔʃ hyj møfˈfɔ huˈbæɾt/ Narrow pronunciation: [fɔ hɔ bæ hyj yˈʋeː ʃɛʃ fɔ ʃɪm søˈiː læfˈfɔʃ hyj møfˈfɔ huˈbæɾʈ] Vyu word order: and he holding his hat stood and to the wind turned his wet face

Phonology
Consonant inventory: /b d f h j k l m n p s t ŋ ɡ ɾ ʃ ʋ/

Vowel inventory: /u y æ ø ɑ ɔ ə ɛ ɪ/

Diphthongs: None

Syllable structure: (C)V(C)(C) ? Stress pattern: Ultimate — stress is on the last syllable ? Word initial consonants: b, d, f, h, j, k, l, m, n, p, s, t, ŋ, ɡ, ɾ, ʃ, ʋ Mid-word consonants: b, bt, d, f, ff, fl, h, j, jj, jɾ, k, kj, kk, kn, kp, ks, kt, l, m, mj, n, nn, ns, nt, p, pl, pt, s, st, t, tt, ŋ, ŋh, ɡ, ɾ, ʃ, ʋ Word final consonants: b, d, f, ft, j, jt, jʃ, kl, l, lb, ld, lf, lk, m, mp, nt, s, sɾ, t, ŋs, ɡ, ɾ, ɾd, ɾt, ʃ, ʃn, ʋ

Phonological rules (in order of application):

n → ɳ / ɾ_

t → ʈ / ɾ_

d → ɖ / ɾ_

s → ʂ / ɾ_

l → ɭ / ɾ_

ŋ → Ø / #_

ɪ → iː / _#

ɛ → eː / _#

ɑ → ɑː / _#

y → yː / _#

Grammar
Main word order: Subject-Oblique-Verb-Object. "Mary opened the door with a key" turns into Mary with a key opened the door. Adjective order: Adjectives are positioned before the noun. Adposition: prepositions

Definite article
Uses of definite article that differ from English:

• Not used for mass (uncountable) nouns ‘Walking in the mud’ would always translate to ‘Walking in mud’. • Used for languages: ‘The English’ • Used with place names: ‘The London’

Indefinite article
No indefinite article.

Perfect aspect
‘have studied’

No perfect aspect.

Progressive aspect ''‘am studying’''

Uses the particle ou /u/ before main verb.

Imperative
‘study!’ (as a command)

'''First person:''' Suffix: -(æ)m /-(æ)m/

'''Second person:''' Suffix: -(æ)pi /æpɪ/ [æˈpiː]

Negation
Suffix on verb: -(y)d /-(y)d/ Tense affixes come between the root verb and the progressive affix.

==== Derivational morphology ==== '''Noun → adjective''': Suffix: -(æ)v /-(æ)ʋ/ Adjective → noun: Suffix: -(å)kpou /ɔkpu/ Noun → verb: Suffix: -y /-y/ [-yː] Verb → noun: Suffix: -(i)f /-(ɪ)f/ Verb → adjective: Suffix: -(ø)r /-(ø)ɾ/ Adjective → adverb: Suffix: - /-/ One who Xs (e.g. paint → painter): Suffix: -(e)sh /-(ɛ)ʃ/ Place where (e.g. wine → winery): Suffix: -(æ)boo /æbu/ Diminutive: Suffix: -(oo)j /-(u)j/ Augmentative: Suffix: -(ou)lk /-(u)lk/